解码生命 守护健康

【文献速递511】非小细胞肺癌的耐药

2018-01-05 08:06:52浦美医学

浦美医学

随着分子遗传学研究的不断进展,人们慢慢尝试识别导致 NSCLC 的关键基因突变。这些存在于癌基因上的遗传变异能编码调控细胞增殖和存活的信号蛋白。NSCLC可以根据相关驱动基因突变进一步细分成更多的亚群。截止目前,这些驱动基因包括 EGFR,KRAS,HER2,PIK3CA,BRAF,MET 基因突变和 ALK,ROS1 和 RET 基因重排,并由此诞生了各类分子靶向治疗药物。靶向药的应用,明显改善了 NSCLC 患者的预后。与此同时,新的癌驱动基因正源源不断的被发现。从非小细胞肺癌分子靶向研究中得出的最新结论将会给患者带来新的治疗希望。

--ZL


 

了解非小细胞肺癌的耐药机制

在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中,不断扩大的明确的以及候选的癌症驱动突变谱,以及针对这些驱动突变的信号转导通路抑制剂数量的增加,为患者的转归提供了巨大的机会。尽管有这些分子的进展,但晚期非小细胞肺癌由于治疗的抗性仍然无法治愈。在这篇综述中,我们讨论靶向致癌基因和其他下游和平行通路相关基因的改变,导致NSCLC靶向治疗的耐药性,我们强调NSCLC的不同亚型共有的靶向治疗耐药机制,包括EGFR, ALK,ROS1,BRAF,和其他少数的癌蛋白发生致癌性改变的亚型。最后,我们讨论如何理解这些突变可以决定治疗策略,包括联合治疗方法,并克服肿瘤异质性的挑战。


 

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗时间表


 

Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in NSCLC

The expanding spectrum of both established and candidate oncogenic driver mutations identified in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), coupled with the increasing number of clinically available signal transduction pathway inhibitors targeting these driver mutations, offers a tremendous opportunity to enhance patient outcomes. Despite these molecular advances, advanced-stage NSCLC remains largely incurable due to therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss alterations in the targeted oncogene ('on-target' resistance) and in other downstream and parallel pathways ('off-target' resistance) leading to resistance to targeted therapies in NSCLC. We highlight common mechanistic themes underpinning resistance to targeted therapies that are shared by NSCLC subtypes, including those with oncogenic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), serine/threonine-protein kinase b-raf (BRAF) and other less established oncoproteins. Finally, we discuss how understanding these themes can inform therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy approaches, and overcome the challenge of tumour heterogeneity.

 

备注:浦美医学每周推出一个专题的“文献速递”汇编,如需详细了解内容或全文请联系我们(浦美小编:微信号pumeixiaobian)。文献内容均由浦美医学编译自原文,疏漏处之敬请读者指正。